Nursing Care for CABG Patients.

Caring for patients who have undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery requires specialized attention to ensure proper recovery. Here’s an overview of the nursing care involved:

   1.   Monitoring Vital Signs:

–   Heart Rate and Rhythm:   Continuous ECG monitoring to detect arrhythmias.
–   Blood Pressure:   Frequent monitoring to prevent hypertension or hypotension.
–   Respiratory Rate and Oxygen Saturation:   Monitoring to detect respiratory complications.

2.   Pain Management:

–   Medications:   Administer prescribed analgesics to manage pain effectively.
–   Positioning:   Encourage the patient to use a pillow when coughing or deep breathing to reduce sternal pain.

3.   Wound Care:

–   Sternal Incision:   Keep the wound clean and dry, regularly inspect for signs of infection (redness, swelling, drainage).
–   Leg Incisions (if grafts were taken from the leg):   Regular dressing changes, monitor for signs of infection or poor healing.

4.   Respiratory Care:

–   Deep Breathing Exercises:   Encourage the use of an incentive spirometer to prevent lung complications.
–   Coughing Techniques:   Teach how to cough effectively to clear secretions while protecting the sternum.

5.   Mobility:

–   Early Mobilization:   Assist the patient with gradual ambulation as per the surgeon’s advice to prevent blood clots and improve circulation.
–   Activity Restrictions:   Educate the patient about sternal precautions, like avoiding heavy lifting or pushing.

6.   Fluid and Electrolyte Balance:

–   Monitor Input and Output:   Track fluids to prevent imbalances that could strain the heart.
–   Diuretics:   Administer as prescribed and monitor for electrolyte disturbances.

7.   Cardiac Rehabilitation:

–   Gradual Increase in Activity:   Tailored exercise programs under supervision to rebuild strength and endurance.
–   Education:   Teaching the patient about heart-healthy lifestyle changes, including diet and stress management.

8.   Psychosocial Support:

–   Emotional Well-being:   Provide support to address anxiety, depression, or fear related to recovery.
–   Family Involvement:   Educate family members on how to support the patient’s recovery process.

9.   Medication Management:

–   Anticoagulants:   Ensure proper administration and monitor for signs of bleeding.
–   Other Cardiac Medications:   Adherence to prescribed medications like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, etc.

10.   Follow-up Care:

–   Regular Check-ups:   Schedule follow-up visits with the cardiologist and surgeon.
–   Monitoring for Complications:   Be vigilant for signs of complications like infection, heart failure, or arrhythmias.

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